The 2019 Oxford Seminar took place from 11-13 September 2019, in the Oxford Town Hall. It was preceded by the ecbi Fellowship Colloquium, attended by 23 senior negotiators from developing countries (two participated virtually), from 9-11 September. They were joined by 20 senior negotiators from Europe for the Seminar. Participants discussed key issues related to the Paris Agreement rulebook, including common timeframes and Article 6, which will be negotiated at the 25th Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in Madrid, Spain, in December 2019.